that by them distinction may be drawn between like things” (Seneca, Ep. mor. 95.65). Teaching ethics through vice and virtue catalogs was also embraced within Judaism. Philo, for example, presents an extraordinarily long list of vices in Sacrifices 5 §32 and likewise catalogs thirty-three virtues (Sacrifices 5 §27), from piety (εὐσέβεια, eusebeia) through goodness (ἀγαθότης, agathotēs). This mode of moral instruction also appears within the Palestinian setting (1QS 4.9–11). Virtue lists, whether